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不定式作主语作表语作宾语的句法功能

2023-06-14| 来源：互联网| 查看: 317| 评论: 0

摘要: 不定式作主语作表语作宾语的句法功能（1）作主语：Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用......

不定式作主语作表语作宾语的句法功能
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
（2）作表语：
He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

背单词的好方法
 随时随地背单词
 不知不觉背单词

动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如： I saw him cross the road.

不定式的形式：
否定式：not + (to) do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：
The boy pretended to be w orking hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
He is pleased to have met his friend.

May the first is an important date in the college admission process in the United States. This is the last day for high school seniors to accept or reject offers of admission in the fall. But according to a recent report, there is a great change. Acceptance rates at the top colleges this year were lower than ever. __1__
These days, college applicants are applying to more colleges because online and common applications make the process easier. __2__ On the other hand，deciding students for top colleges to accept can be difficult because it takes much time. Students may not like being put on waiting lists. Also, common colleges work more to get the students they accept to accept them. Some colleges hold visiting days that offer a chance to attend classes and stay overnight. Some universities send gifts. __3__
For many families, the most important thing colleges can do is show them the money, especially this year; the weak economy makes parents nervous. __4__ The recent problems that spread from the housing market to credit markets have even affected student’s loans. So lately, top schools have to spare lots of money to increase their financial aid for students.
__5__ The Education Department expects the number of high school graduates to start to go down. This will happen as the last of the children of the baby boom generation finish high schoo1. The number is not expected to start rising again until 2015.
A. Besides, top colleges are facing changes in the population.
B. What contributes to it?
C. But a mistake can be costly if it happens.
D. But top colleges ignore them.
E. They have international students who know English.
F. It can mean several acceptances to choose from.
G. They cannot afford college as planned.